By Conrad Fischer, L. Britt Wilson, Raj Dasgupta, Frank P. Noto
Those are Adobe Clearscan PDF records generated from six hundred dpi scans of the Kaplan USMLE Step 1 Lecture Notes which have been dispensed to scholars in Kaplan clinical prep classes in 2014.
The following preface references 7 volumes. This comprises in basic terms the Physiology volume.
These 7 volumes of Lecture Notes symbolize the most-likely-to-be-tested fabric at the present USMLE Step 1 examination. Please notice that those are Lecture Notes, no longer overview books. The Notes have been designed to be observed through school lectures stay, on video, or on the internet. interpreting them with out getting access to the accompanying lectures isn't a good way to check for the USMLE.
To maximize the effectiveness of those Notes, annotate them as you take heed to lectures. To facilitate this technique, we've created extensive, clean margins. whereas those margins are sometimes punctuated by way of college high-yield "margin notes:' they're, for the main half, left clean in your notations.
Many scholars locate that previewing the Notes ahead of the lecture is a truly effective method to arrange for sophistication. this lets you expect the components the place you'll have to pay specific awareness. It additionally presents you the chance to map out how the knowledge goes to be offered and what kind of research aids (charts, diagrams, etc.) you have to upload. This approach works whether you're attending a reside lecture or observing one on video or the web.
Finally, we wish to listen what you're thinking that. What do you're keen on concerning the Notes? What will be more desirable? Please proportion your suggestions through e-mailing us at med.feedback@ kaplan.com.
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Additional resources for Kaplan Medical USMLE Step 1 Lecture Notes: Physiology (2013)
Sample text
This equation computes the equilibrium potential for any ion based upon the con centration gradient. [X+]i =concentration inside (intracellular) Z = v alue of the charge Key points regarding the Nernst equation: • The ion always diffuses in a direction that brings the Em toward its equi librium. • The overall conductance of the ion is directly proportional to the net force and the permeability (determined by ion channel state) of the membrane for the ion. • • The Em moves toward the Ex of the most permeable ion.
The ECG measures volts (Y-axis) per unit time (X-axis) and the scales are standardized. Note the heavier (darker) lines both horizontally and vertically. These represent " big" box es, each of which is further subdivided into 5 "small" boxes. 5 mV. 04 sec (40 msec). As noted in Figure II-3-7, 5 big boxes equal one second. Reading an ECG The ECG is a powerful clinical tool and it takes years of training to become fully competent in detecting the many abnormalities it can detect. Thus, a detailed ex planation is beyond the scope of this book.
There are other factors increase the QT interval, thus possibly producing torsades de pointes. __ ___ I 0 100 200 300 400 Time (msec) Figure 11-3-1. Action Potential in a Ventricular Myocyte PhaseO • • Upstroke of the action potential Similar to nerve and skeletal muscle, mediated by the opening of volt age-gated, fast Na+ channels (note high Na+ conductance) • Conduction velocity is directly related to rate of change in potential (slope). , epinephrine and norepineph rine, increases the slope and thus increases conduction velocity.
