Power Transmission And Distribution, 2nd Edition by Anthony J. Pansini

By Anthony J. Pansini

This paintings describes undefined, mechanical and fiscal issues linked to the winning making plans, layout, development, upkeep and operation of electric transmission and distribution of energy.

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36 Power Transmission and Distribution Figure 2-8. 13 that need to remain connected during light load periods. As the heavy load is reduced, capacitors may be disconnected to keep service voltage within permissible limits. Shunt capacitors installed on a distribution feeder reduce the current, improve voltage regulation, and reduce energy losses in all parts of the system between the generators and capacitors, but have no effect beyond the point where they are installed. Shunt Reactor The discussion above is related to overhead systems.

A serious disadvantage, however, arises when relatively large fault currents flow through the capacitor, resulting in voltage rises that may destroy the capacitor and cause damage to adjacent facilities. It is necessary, therefore, to install automatically operated by-passes to short circuit the capacitor as quickly as possible. ). Capacitors and reactors may also be applied to secondary systems but their employment in this fashion is extremely rare. Resonance When the capacitance effect in a circuit exactly balances the inductive effect so that the net effect is zero, the only quantity left is the resistance.

Two-Phase Polyphase System The four-wire system, shown in Figure 2-12, consists of two singlephase, two-wire systems in which the voltage in one system is 90° out of phase with the voltage on the other system, both being supplied from the same source. In determining values of power, power loss, and voltage drop in such a system, the values are calculated as two separate single-phase, two-wire systems. Figure 2-11. ) Figure 2-12. ) Distribution System Electrical Design 41 The three-wire system, shown in Figure 2-13, is equivalent to a four-wire two-phase system with one wire made common on both phases.

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Power Transmission And Distribution, 2nd Edition by Anthony J. Pansini
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