By Alan S. Morris and Reza Langari (Auth.)
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Extra resources for Measurement and Instrumentation. Theory and Application
Example text
Following this, we went on to look at the various static characteristics of instruments. These define the quality of measurements when an instrument output has settled to a steady reading. Several important lessons arose out of this coverage. In particular, we saw the important distinction between accuracy and precision, which are often equated incorrectly as meaning the same thing. We saw that high precision does not promise anything at all about measurement accuracy; in fact, a high-precision instrument can sometimes give very poor measurement accuracy.
4) is known as a first-order instrument. 10 Zero-order instrument characteristic. 11. The time constant t of the step response is time taken for the output quantity q0 to reach 63% of its final value. The thermocouple (see Chapter 14) is a good example of a first-order instrument. f. 11. 11 First-order instrument characteristic. Time 30 Chapter 2 the change. Fortunately, because the time constant of many first-order instruments is small relative to the dynamics of the process being measured, no serious problems are created.
Explain what is meant by (a) active instruments (b) passive instruments Give examples of each and discuss the relative merits of these two classes of instruments. 3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of null and deflection types of measuring instruments. What are null types of instruments mainly used for and why? 4. What are the differences between analogue and digital instruments? What advantages do digital instruments have over analogue ones? 5. Explain the difference between static and dynamic characteristics of measuring instruments.
