By Levelton Consultants.; National Cooperative Highway Research Program.; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.; United States. Federal Highway Administration.; National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
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Extra resources for Guidelines for the selection of snow and ice control materials to mitigate environmental impacts
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Per lane mile) to as much as 130 kg per lane kilometer (500 lbs. per lane mile); however, sometimes more are used, depending on conditions. Deicing typically involves the application of solid NaCl and, as with any dry application, traffic action can result in a significant (up to 80 percent or more) loss of material to the roadside environment. A Montana study (5) found that deicing typically requires 5 times the amount of chemical product that anti-icing requires. 3 Pre-wetting Pre-wetting is injecting or spraying a liquid chemical on solid chemicals or abrasives to enhance their effectiveness and reduce material loss and other forms of waste.
The act also requires that “critical habitat” (defined by the listing agencies) not be destroyed and requires the agencies to prepare “recovery plans” that set guidelines for an extension of abundance or range of the listed species. Thus, both private and governmental activities may be restricted within the range of a listed species. Although federal water-quality regulations within the United States are not applied to road application materials, with the exception of urban areas where stormwater permits are required, the ESA is directly applicable to such materials, just as it would be to any other major activity that could have environmental effects.
Many states have laws that reinforce or enhance the scope of the ESA. The ESA and its state counterparts restrict human interactions with listed species. The act prohibits “take,” which for the purposes of the ESA is defined as harvesting or causing unintended mortality or stress as a by-product of any activity within the range of the species. The act also requires that “critical habitat” (defined by the listing agencies) not be destroyed and requires the agencies to prepare “recovery plans” that set guidelines for an extension of abundance or range of the listed species.
